3 Txoj Hauv Kev Hais Txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv

Cov txheej txheem:

3 Txoj Hauv Kev Hais Txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv
3 Txoj Hauv Kev Hais Txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv

Video: 3 Txoj Hauv Kev Hais Txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv

Video: 3 Txoj Hauv Kev Hais Txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Video: Npau Suav li no Txhob coj mus tham qhia luag lwm tus 2024, Lub peb hlis ntuj
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Yog tias koj sau daim ntawv tshawb fawb lossis ntawv tshaj tawm, koj yuav xav tau siv tsoomfwv cov ntaub ntawv. Txhua lub sijhawm koj hais txog tsoomfwv cov ntaub ntawv hauv koj daim ntawv, koj tseem yuav xav tau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog daim ntawv ntawd. Feem ntau, koj yuav suav nrog ob qho tib si hauv kab lus sau thiab sau tag nrho ntawm qhov kawg ntawm koj daim ntawv, dhau los ntawm phau ntawv sau lossis nplooj ntawv Ua Haujlwm. Cov hom ntawv ntawm cov ntawv teev npe no txawv nyob ntawm seb koj puas siv Lub Koom Haum Hais Lus Niaj Hnub (MLA), Koom Haum Niam Txiv Kev Nyuaj Siab (APA) lossis Chicago cov lus citation.

Cov kauj ruam

Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: MLA

Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 1
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 1

Kauj Ruam 1. Sau tsoomfwv thiab lub chaw haujlwm

Kev sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv nkag rau hauv Koj Cov Haujlwm Cited nkag los pib nrog lub npe tag nrho ntawm tsoomfwv thiab lub chaw haujlwm uas tsim cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Sau txhua chav tswj hwm los ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws mus rau qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, sib cais los ntawm tus lej. Muab lub sijhawm nyob rau qhov kawg ntawm chav tswj hwm zaum kawg.

Piv txwv li: Tebchaws Asmeskas, Rooj Sib Tham, Tsev, Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees

Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 2
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 2

Kauj Ruam 2. Muab lub npe ntawm daim ntawv

Tam sim ntawd tom qab lub npe ntawm tsoomfwv thiab lub chaw haujlwm, ntaus lub npe ntawm daim ntawv. Siv lub npe-rooj plaub, ua kom tag nrho cov npe, cov lus qhia, cov lus qhia, thiab cov lus piav qhia. Italicize cov npe ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm. Txog tsoomfwv cov ntaub ntawv online, tso lub npe hauv cov lus hais. Muab lub sijhawm nyob rau qhov kawg ntawm lub npe.

  • Luam tawm piv txwv: Tebchaws Asmeskas, Congress, Tsev, Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees. Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai Txheej Txheem Nyiaj Txiag, Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1, 2015.
  • Piv txwv online: Tebchaws Asmeskas, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Tib Neeg, Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv thiab Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob. "Tswj Mosquitos Hauv Tsev."
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 3
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 3

Kauj Ruam 3. Kaw koj cov ntaub ntawv nrog tus tshaj tawm thiab hnub tshaj tawm

Txog cov ntawv luam tawm, muab lub npe ntawm tus tshaj tawm ua raws nrog tus lej cim. Suav nrog xyoo cov ntaub ntawv tau tshaj tawm, tom qab ntawd xaus nrog lub sijhawm. Txog cov ntaub ntawv online, muab lub npe ntawm lub vev xaib uas cov ntawv tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntawv qaij, tom qab ntawd muaj tus lej cim. Suav nrog cov hnub tshwj xeeb uas daim ntawv tau tshaj tawm, tom qab ntawd tus lej cim, tom qab ntawd ncaj qha URL lossis tso cai rau cov ntaub ntawv.

  • Luam tawm piv txwv: Tebchaws Asmeskas, Congress, Tsev, Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees. Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai Txheej Txheem Nyiaj Txiag, Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1, 2015. Tsoom Fwv Lub Chaw Haujlwm Luam Ntawv, 2015.
  • Piv txwv online: Tebchaws Asmeskas, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Tib Neeg, Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv thiab Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob. "Tswj Mosquitos Hauv Tsev." Tus kab mob Zika, 5 Tsib Hlis 2016, www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/controlling-mosquitoes-at-home.html.
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 4
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 4

Kauj Ruam 4. Suav nrog txhua chav tswj hwm hauv koj niam txiv cov lus sau hauv kab lus

MLA style siv tus sau thiab tus lej nplooj ntawv hauv niam txiv cov lus sib tham hauv kab lus. Txog tsoomfwv cov ntaub ntawv, tsoomfwv lub chaw haujlwm tau txiav txim siab tus neeg sau daim ntawv.

  • Piv txwv: (Tebchaws Asmeskas, Rooj Sib Tham, Tsev, Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees 14)
  • Tsis txhob sau npe luv ntawm cov tebchaws lossis lwm lub chaw tswj hwm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus luv, xws li "chav haujlwm," uas feem ntau sau luv. Piv txwv li: (Tebchaws Asmeskas, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Tib Neeg, Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv thiab Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob 3)
  • Yog tias tsis muaj tus lej nplooj ntawv, siv cov lej suav ua ntu zus ntawm cov haujlwm, xws li kab lus lossis tshooj, qhov twg muaj. Yog tias tsis muaj cov lej suav nrog, tsuas yog siv lub npe ntawm tsoomfwv lub koom haum los ntawm nws tus kheej.

Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: APA

Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 5
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 5

Kauj Ruam 1. Pib koj qhov kev sau npe nrog tus sau lub npe

Koj daim ntawv sau tag nrho pib nrog lub xeem ntawm tus neeg sau ntawm daim ntawv, ua raws lawv thawj zaug. Cais ntau tus neeg sau lub npe nrog tus cim, siv tus ampersand (&) ua ntej tus sau lub npe kawg. Yog tias tsis muaj tus neeg sau lub npe, siv lub npe ntawm tsoomfwv lub chaw haujlwm uas tsim cov ntawv raws li tus sau lub npe. Muab ib lub sijhawm tom qab lub npe.

  • Tus neeg sau piv txwv: Edwards, N., Sims-Jones, N., Hotz, S., & Cushman, R.
  • Piv txwv ntawm tsoomfwv lub chaw haujlwm: Ontario Ministry of Health.
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 6
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 6

Kauj Ruam 2. Muab lub xyoo luam tawm hauv kab ntawv

Tom qab lub npe ntawm tus sau, qhib cov npe thiab sau lub xyoo uas daim ntawv tau luam tawm. Kaw cov kab lus thiab muab ib lub sij hawm tom qab kaw kab lus cim.

Piv txwv: Ontario Ministry of Health. (1994)

Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 7
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 7

Kauj Ruam 3. Ntaus lub npe ntawm daim ntawv hauv kab ntawv

Siv kab lus-rooj plaub thaum suav nrog lub npe ntawm daim ntawv hauv koj qhov kev hais tawm, tsuas yog siv thawj lo lus thiab ib lub npe uas tsim nyog hauv lub npe. Muab lub sijhawm nyob rau qhov kawg ntawm lub npe.

Piv txwv: Ontario Ministry of Health. (1994). Xaiv cov kev tshawb pom los ntawm kev noj qab haus huv zoo ntxiv ntawm Ontario Health Survey

Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 8
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 8

Kauj Ruam 4. Sau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm rau cov ntawv luam tawm

Suav nrog qhov chaw nyob, tom qab ntawd cov nyuv tom qab lub npe ntawm tus tshaj tawm. Rau tsoomfwv Meskas cov ntaub ntawv, tus tshaj tawm feem ntau yuav yog "Tsoomfwv Lub Chaw Haujlwm Luam Ntawv." Tus tshaj tawm lossis lub npe ntawm tsoomfwv lub tshuab luam ntawv feem ntau yuav suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm daim ntawv.

  • Piv txwv: Ontario Ministry of Health. (1994). Xaiv cov kev tshawb pom los ntawm kev noj qab haus huv zoo ntxiv ntawm Ontario Health Survey. Ottawa, ON: Poj huab tais lub tshuab luam ntawv rau Ontario.
  • Txog tsoomfwv cov ntawv tshaj tawm nrog tus neeg sau, suav nrog nqe lus tom qab lub npe tias daim ntawv tshaj tawm lossis cov ntaub ntawv tau npaj rau tsoomfwv lub chaw haujlwm. Piv txwv li: Edwards, N., Sims-Jones, N., Hotz, S., & Cushman, R. (1997). Kev txhim kho thiab ntsuas cov txheej txheem ntawm ntau txoj haujlwm pab cuam txhawm rau txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev haus luam yeeb rov qab thaum cev xeeb tub thiab tom qab yug menyuam ntawm ob tus poj niam thiab lawv cov koom tes. Tshaj tawm npaj rau Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Canada ntawm Chav Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Hauv Zej Zog, University of Ottawa, Canada.
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 9
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 9

Kauj Ruam 5. Kaw koj qhov citation nrog qhov URL ncaj qha lossis tso cai rau cov ntaub ntawv online

Yog tias daim ntawv koj tab tom hais tsuas yog muaj online, tsuas yog tso qhov URL tam sim tom qab lub npe ntawm daim ntawv. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv kev luam lossis lwm qhov, siv kab lus "Rov qab los ntawm," ua raws cov nyuv. Tom qab ntawd luam qhov URL.

  • Piv txwv li: Tsoomfwv Meskas Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Haujlwm. (2012, Lub Rau Hli). Kev ua haujlwm rau cov neeg xiam oob khab: Paub me ntsis txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov phiaj xwm sib faib thiab sib tshooj. Tau txais los ntawm:
  • Yog tias tsoomfwv lub chaw haujlwm uas tshaj tawm tsab ntawv ceeb toom tsis raug teev npe ua tus sau, suav nrog lub koomhaum lub npe tom qab cov lus "Tau txais los ntawm." Piv txwv li: Oscar-Berman, M. & Marinkovic, K. (2012). Kev quav dej quav cawv thiab lub hlwb: Cov ntsiab lus. Tau txais los ntawm National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health:
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 10
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 10

Kauj Ruam 6. Siv tus kws sau ntawv thiab xyoo rau cov ntawv sau niam txiv cov lus

Thaum koj suav nrog nqe lus lossis kab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm tsoomfwv cov ntaub ntawv, suav nrog lub xeem tus neeg sau lossis lub npe ntawm tsoomfwv lub koomhaum nrog rau lub xyoo uas cov ntaub ntawv tau luam tawm. Cais cov ntsiab lus no nrog tus lej. Txog cov lus hais ncaj qha, tso tus lej cim tom qab xyoo thiab suav nrog tus lej nplooj ntawv qhov lus hais tshwm tom qab ntawv luv "p."

  • Piv txwv piv txwv: (Ontario Ministry of Health, 1994)
  • Piv txwv piv txwv ncaj qha: (Ontario Ministry of Health, 1994, p. 24)
  • Yog tias daim ntawv tsis muaj tus lej nplooj, siv cov lej lej tom qab cov ntawv luv "para."

Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Chicago

Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 11
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 11

Kauj Ruam 1. Pib nrog lub npe ntawm tsoomfwv lossis chaw haujlwm

Tsoomfwv lub chaw haujlwm lossis chav haujlwm raug txiav txim siab yog tus sau daim ntawv. Mus los ntawm chav tswj hwm loj tshaj plaws mus rau qhov tsawg tshaj plaws. Hauv koj cov ntaub ntawv teev npe nkag, cais txhua chav nrog lub sijhawm.

Piv txwv: U. S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Northeast Cheeb Tsam

Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 12
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 12

Kauj Ruam 2. Muab lub npe ntawm daim ntawv ua cov ntawv qaij

Siv cov ntaub ntawv npe, ua kom tag nrho cov npe, cov lus piav qhia, cov lus qhia, thiab cov lus piav qhia hauv lub npe. Muab sijhawm rau qhov kawg ntawm lub npe, tshwj tsis yog tus sau phau ntawv muaj npe.

Piv txwv: U. S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Northeast Cheeb Tsam. Schoodic: Draft General Management Plan Amendment and Environmental Impact Statement

Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 13
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 13

Kauj Ruam 3. Sau tus sau lub npe, yog muab

Yog tias tus neeg sau lub npe raug txheeb xyuas, lawv yuav tsum raug lees paub hauv koj qhov kev hais tawm. Muab tus lej cim tom qab lub npe, ntaus lo lus "los ntawm," thiab tshaj tawm lub npe ntawm tus sau siv thawj lub npe-nruab nrab thawj-lub npe lub npe hom. Tus neeg sau lub npe yuav tsum tsis yog ntawv qaij.

Piv txwv: U. S. Department of the Interior. US Geological Survey. Kev Ntsuam Xyuas ntawm Coal Geology, Cov peev txheej, thiab Cov Nyiaj Txiag hauv Montana Hmoov Dej Phiab, los ntawm Jon E. Haacke, David C. Scott, Lee M. Osmonson, James A. Luppens, Paul E. Pierce, thiab Jay A. Gunderson

Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 14
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 14

Kauj Ruam 4. Suav nrog cov ntawv tshaj tawm lossis tus lej qhia

Ntau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm tsoomfwv muaj tus lej tshwj xeeb qhia, tshwj xeeb yog cov uas tau muab tawm ib ntus. Yog tias koj pom daim ntawv tshaj tawm lossis tus lej tshaj tawm nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm daim ntawv, suav nrog nws hauv koj cov ntaub ntawv raws nraim li nws tshwm ntawm daim ntawv.

Piv txwv: U. S. Department of the Interior. US Geological Survey. Kev Ntsuam Xyuas ntawm Coal Geology, Cov peev txheej, thiab Cov Nyiaj Txiag hauv Montana Hmoov Dej Phiab, los ntawm Jon E. Haacke, David C. Scott, Lee M. Osmonson, James A. Luppens, Paul E. Pierce, thiab Jay A. Gunderson. Qhib cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm 2012-1113

Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 15
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 15

Kauj Ruam 5. Xaus koj qhov citation nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm

Txog cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm, muab qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus tshaj tawm, tom qab ntawd cov nyuv, tom qab ntawd lub npe ntawm tus tshaj tawm. Muab tus lej cim tom qab lub npe ntawm tus tshaj tawm, tom qab ntawd ntaus lub xyoo uas daim ntawv tau luam tawm. Yog tias koj pom cov ntawv online, siv lo lus "Nkag mus" thiab muab hnub uas koj nkag mus rau daim ntawv, nrog rau URL ncaj qha qhov twg tuaj yeem pom cov ntawv.

  • Piv txwv: U. S. Department of the Interior. US Geological Survey. Kev Ntsuam Xyuas ntawm Coal Geology, Cov peev txheej, thiab Cov Nyiaj Txiag hauv Montana Hmoov Dej Phiab, los ntawm Jon E. Haacke, David C. Scott, Lee M. Osmonson, James A. Luppens, Paul E. Pierce, thiab Jay A. Gunderson. Qhib-ntaub ntawv qhia 2012- 1113. Reston, Virginia, 2013. Nkag mus rau Lub Ib Hlis 25, 2018.
  • Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv tau tshaj tawm los ntawm tsoomfwv lub chaw haujlwm lossis lub chaw haujlwm uas koj twb tau teev npe ua tus sau lawm, tsuas yog muab qhov chaw nyob thiab xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm. Piv txwv li: U. S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Northeast Cheeb Tsam. Schoodic: Draft General Management Plan Amendment and Environmental Impact Statement. Maine, 2004. Nkag mus rau Lub Ib Hlis 25, 2018.
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 16
Hais txog Tsoom Fwv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kauj Ruam 16

Kauj Ruam 6. Kho cov cim cim cim rau cov lus hauv qab

Cov cim hauv qab-Chicago suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv ib yam li cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg. Txawm li cas los xij, cais cov ntsiab lus hauv tus lej hauv qab nrog tus lej ntau dua li lub sijhawm. Muab qhov chaw nyob ntawm kev tshaj tawm, lub npe ntawm tus tshaj tawm, thiab xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm hauv kab ntawv.

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