3 Txoj Hauv Kev Rau Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj

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3 Txoj Hauv Kev Rau Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj
3 Txoj Hauv Kev Rau Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj

Video: 3 Txoj Hauv Kev Rau Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj

Video: 3 Txoj Hauv Kev Rau Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj
Video: Lus Qhuab Qhia | "Tus Cawm Seej Yuav Cawm Noob Neej Li Cas Thaum Nws Los?" 2024, Lub peb hlis ntuj
Anonim

Kev sau npe tshuaj lom neeg yooj yim yog qhov tseem ceeb yog tias koj xav ua tiav hauv kev siv tshuaj lom neeg, txij li lub npe ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw qhia meej meej tias nws yog dab tsi. Txhua hom kev sib xyaw muaj nws tus kheej cov cai rau npe nws. Thaum npe cov npe sib xyaw, koj yuav tsum nkag siab cov cai sib txawv no, nrog rau yuav ua li cas thiaj pom cov lus qhia uas yuav pab koj lub npe kom raug. Ua raws li phau ntawv qhia no rau qee txoj cai yooj yim ntawm yuav ua li cas cov tshuaj sib xyaw tau txais lawv lub npe, thiab yuav siv cov npe li cas rau cov sib xyaw uas koj tsis tau paub dua.

Cov kauj ruam

Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Naming Ionic Compounds

Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 1
Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 1

Kauj Ruam 1. Paub tias dab tsi ua rau muaj cov tshuaj ionic

Ionic tebchaw muaj hlau thiab tsis muaj hlau. Xa mus rau lub sijhawm ntu ntawm cov ntsiab lus los saib seb pawg twg cov ntsiab lus hauv cov khoom sib koom ua.

Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 2
Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 2

Kauj Ruam 2. Tsim lub npe

Rau ob lub ntsiab lus ionic sib xyaw, lub npe yog yooj yim. Thawj feem ntawm lub npe yog lub npe ntawm cov khoom siv hlau. Qhov thib ob yog lub npe ntawm cov khoom uas tsis yog hlau, nrog cov ntawv txuas "-ide."

  • Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv:

    • Al2O3. Al2 = Txhuas; O3 = Cov pa. Yog li lub npe yuav yog "aluminium oxide."
    • FeCl3. Fe = Hlau; Cl3 = Tshuaj. Yog li lub npe yuav yog "hlau chloride."
    • SnO2. Sn = Tin; O2 = Cov pa. Yog li lub npe ntawm cov khoom siv no yuav yog Tin Oxide.
Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 3
Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 3

Kauj Ruam 3. Paub thiab teev npe cov hlau hloov pauv

Cov hlau hauv D thiab F cov thaiv ntawm cov lus teev caij nyoog raug hu ua hlau hloov pauv. Lawv tus nqi raug sau nrog tus lej Roman thaum sau tawm lub npe sib xyaw. Qhov no vim tias lawv tuaj yeem muaj ntau dua ib qho nqi thiab ua ntau dua ib qho khoom sib xyaw.

Piv txwv: FeCl2 thiab FeCl3. Fe = Hlau; Cl2 = Chloride -2; Cl3 = Chloride -3. Cov npe yuav yog hlau (II) chloride thiab hlau (III) chloride.

Cov qhab nia

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Txoj Kev 1 Xeem

Ib qho ionic sib xyaw yog tsim los ntawm cov ntsiab lus sulfur thiab chromium. Lub npe hu li cas?

Sulfide Chromium

Tsis yog! Yog lawm, cov khoom uas tsis yog hlau yuav tsum tau txais cov lus -ntxiv hauv cov ionic compound. Tab sis nco ntsoov, nrog ionic sib txuas cov hlau hlau los ua ntej! Xaiv lwm cov lus teb!

Sulfur Chromium

Yeej tsis yog! Cov npe ntawm cov sib xyaw ionic tsis yog cov npe ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus ua ke yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv. Rau cov pib, cov khoom uas tsis yog hlau yuav tsum muaj qhov kawg ntawm nws lub npe hloov nrog cov lus ntxiv -ide. Xaiv lwm lo lus teb!

Chromide leej faj

Tsis yog! Koj tau txais cov ntawv txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov tsis raug ntawm no! Nrog cov sib txuas ionic, cov ntawv txuas ntxiv yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv rau lub npe ntawm cov khoom siv tsis yog hlau, tsis yog cov hlau. Muaj qhov kev xaiv zoo dua nyob ntawd!

Chromium sulfide

Yog! Ionic tebchaw yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau thiab cov khoom uas tsis yog hlau. Cov hlau hlau ib txwm los ua ntej hauv lub npe, thiab cov hlau tsis yog hlau los thib ob. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nco ntsoov hloov qhov kawg ntawm lub npe ntawm cov khoom uas tsis yog hlau nrog cov ntawv txuas ntxiv -ide. Nyeem rau lwm qhov lus nug xeem ntawv.

Xav tau cov lus nug ntxiv?

Kuaj koj tus kheej!

Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Naming Polyatomic Compounds

Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 4
Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 4

Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab tias polyatomic compound yog dab tsi

Cov sib txuas no tau tsim los ntawm pab pawg ntawm cov atoms uas tau sib koom ua ke ua ke, thiab tag nrho pab pawg muaj qhov zoo lossis tsis zoo. Koj tuaj yeem ua peb yam tseem ceeb rau kev sib xyaw polyatomic, uas yuav pab koj txheeb xyuas thiab nkag siab cov hom sib xyaw no:

  • Ntxiv hydrogen mus rau qhov pib ntawm qhov sib xyaw. Lo lus "hydrogen" tau ntxiv rau thaum pib ntawm cov npe sib xyaw. Qhov no txo cov nqi tsis zoo los ntawm ib qho. Piv txwv li, "carbonate" CO32- dhau los ua "hydrogen carbonate" HCO3-.

    Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 4 Cov Phiaj Xwm 1
    Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 4 Cov Phiaj Xwm 1
  • Tshem tawm cov pa tawm ntawm qhov sib xyaw. Tus nqi nyob qis ib yam thiab qhov xaus ntawm qhov hloov pauv los ntawm "-ate" rau "–ite". Piv txwv li: TSIS YOG3 mus tsis tau2 mus los ntawm "nitrate" mus rau "nitrite."

    Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 4 Bullet 2
    Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 4 Bullet 2
  • Hloov lub hauv paus atom nrog lwm tus los ntawm tib pab pawg ib ntus. Piv txwv li, sulfate SO42- tuaj yeem dhau los ua Selenate SeO42-.

    Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 4 Bullet 3
    Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 4 Bullet 3
Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 5
Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 5

Kauj Ruam 2. Cim cov pawg ion ntau tshaj

Cov no yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov tshuaj polyatomic feem ntau. Teev npe nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm kev nce nqi tsis zoo, lawv yog:

  • Hydroxide ion: OH-
  • Nitrate ion: Tsis yog3-
  • Hydrogen carbonate ion: HCO3-
  • Cov tshuaj permanganate: MnO4-
  • Carbonate ion: Cov32-
  • Chromate ion: CrO42-
  • Dichromate ion: Cr2O72-
  • Sulfate ion: Yog42-
  • Sulphite ion: Yog32-
  • Thiosulfate ion: S2O3<2-
  • Phosphate ion: PO43-
  • Ammonium ion: NH4+

Kauj Ruam 3. Tsim cov npe sib xyaw raws li cov npe

Koom nrog cov ntsiab lus twg (s) txuas nrog pab pawg ion thiab npe raws li. Yog tias lub hauv paus tuaj ua ntej ntawm pawg ion, lub npe ntawm cov khoom tau yooj yim ntxiv rau qhov pib ntawm cov npe sib xyaw.

  • Piv txwv: KMnO4. Koj yuav tsum paub MnO4- poov tshuaj permanganate. K yog poov tshuaj, yog li cov tshuaj muaj npe potassium permanganate.

    Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 6 Cov Phiaj Xwm 1
    Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 6 Cov Phiaj Xwm 1
  • Piv txwv: NaOH. Koj yuav tsum paub txog OH- ion raws li hydroxide. Na yog sodium, yog li cov khoom muaj npe sodium hydroxide.

    Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 6 Cov Phiaj Xwm 2
    Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 6 Cov Phiaj Xwm 2

Cov qhab nia

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Txoj Kev 2 Xeem

PO4 muaj cov pa tawm ntawm cov tshuaj. Dab tsi yog lub npe ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tshiab?

Phosphite

Kiag! Thaum koj tshem cov pa oxygen los ntawm cov khoom sib txuas, cov ntawv txuas tom qab hloov pauv los ntawm -ate rau -ite. Hauv qhov no, phosphate dhau los ua phosphite. Nyeem rau lwm qhov lus nug xeem ntawv.

Phosphate

Tsis yog! PO4 twb hu ua phosphate. Thaum koj tshem cov pa tawm ntawm qhov sib xyaw, tus nqi yuav tsum nyob zoo ib yam tab sis lub npe yuav hloov. Xaiv lwm lo lus teb!

Phosphide

Tsis yog! Cov tshuaj no tsis hu ua phosphide. Thaum cov tshuaj muaj cov pa oxygen tshem tawm lossis ntxiv, nws hloov mus ua ib qho -ite lossis -ate compound. Sim dua …

Phosphorus

Sim dua! Qhov no yuav yog lub npe ntawm tus kheej los ntawm nws tus kheej, ua raws li P. Cov khoom sib xyaw uas muaj phosphorus, zoo li PO4, yuav ua lub npe ntawm cov khoom nrog cov ntawv txuas ntxiv tom ntej. Sim dua …

Xav tau cov lus nug ntxiv?

Kuaj koj tus kheej!

Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Naming Covalent Compounds

Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 7
Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 7

Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab txog covalent compound

Covalent sib txuas tau tsim los ntawm ob lossis ntau yam uas tsis yog hlau. Lub npe rau qhov sib xyaw yog raws li muaj pes tsawg lub atoms nyob. Cov ntawv txuas ua ntej yog lo lus Latin rau tus lej ntawm cov lwg me me.

Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 8
Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 8

Kauj Ruam 2. Kawm ua ntej

Cim cov cim ua ntej txog li 10 atoms:

  • 1 atom-“Mono-”
  • 2 atoms-"Di-"
  • 3 atoms-"Tri-"
  • 4 atoms-"Tetra"
  • 5 atoms-"Penta"
  • 6 atoms-"Hexa-"
  • 7 atoms-"Hepta-"
  • 8 atoms-"Octa-"
  • 9 atoms-"Nona-"
  • 10 atoms-"Deca"

Kauj Ruam 3. Npe lub npe sib txuas

Siv cov lus ua ntej raug, npe lub npe tshiab. Koj txuas cov ntawv ua ntej rau ib feem ntawm qhov sib xyaw uas muaj ntau yam atoms.

  • Piv txwv: CO yuav yog carbon monoxide thiab CO2 yuav yog carbon dioxide.

    Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 9 Cov Phiaj Xwm 1
    Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 9 Cov Phiaj Xwm 1
  • Piv txwv: N2S3 yuav yog Dinitrogen trisulfide.

    Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 9 Cov Phiaj Xwm 2
    Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 9 Cov Phiaj Xwm 2
  • Feem ntau, qhov "mono-" prefix tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm, vim tias nws tau hais txog thaum nws tsis nyob ntawd. Nws tseem siv rau cov pa roj carbon monoxide vim yog lub sijhawm tau siv txij li kev siv tshuaj thaum ntxov.

    Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 9 Cov Phiaj Xwm 3
    Npe Tshuaj Tshuaj Tua Kab Kauj Ruam 9 Cov Phiaj Xwm 3

Cov qhab nia

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Txoj Kev 3 Xeem

Lubalent compound C3Cl4 lub npe hu li cas?

Dicarbon Trichloride

Yeej tsis yog! Nrog covalent sib txuas, tus nqi ntawm 2 yog sawv cev los ntawm cov ntawv ua ntej di-, tab sis cov pa roj carbon ntawm no muaj tus nqi ntawm 3. Tus nqi ntawm 3 yog sawv cev los ntawm cov ntawv ua ntej tri-, tab sis chlorine ntawm no muaj tus nqi ntawm 4. Sim dua …

Tricarbon Tetrachloride

Yog lawm! Nrog covalent sib txuas, tus nqi ntawm peb yog sawv cev los ntawm cov ntawv ua ntej tri-. Tus nqi plaub yog sawv cev los ntawm cov ntawv ua ntej tetra-. Carbon ua tricarbon thiab chloride ua tetrachloride! Nyeem rau lwm qhov lus nug xeem ntawv.

Monocarbon Dichloride

Tsis yog! Thaum lub npe covalent sib txuas, tus nqi ntawm 1 yog sawv cev los ntawm cov ntawv ua ntej mono-, tab sis cov pa roj carbon ntawm no muaj tus nqi ntawm 3. Tus nqi ntawm 2 yog sawv cev los ntawm cov ntawv ua ntej di-, tab sis chlorine ntawm no muaj tus nqi ntawm 4. Muaj qhov zoo dua kev xaiv tawm muaj!

Tetracarbon Monochloride hmoov

Tsis yog raws nraim! Nrog cov npe ntawm covalent sib txuas, tus nqi ntawm 4 yog sawv cev los ntawm cov ntawv ua ntej tetra, tab sis cov pa roj carbon ntawm no muaj tus nqi ntawm 3. Tus nqi ntawm 1 yog sawv cev los ntawm cov ntawv ua ntej mono-, tab sis chlorine ntawm no muaj tus nqi ntawm 4. Sim dua …

Xav tau cov lus nug ntxiv?

Kuaj koj tus kheej!

Yees duab - Los ntawm kev siv qhov kev pabcuam no, qee cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug muab qhia rau YouTube

Lub tswv yim

  • Yog lawm, cov cai no txhua tus muaj ntau qhov kev zam, piv txwv li, txawm tias muaj 2 qhov kawg, CaCl2 tseem tseem hu ua calcium chloride, TSIS yog calcium dichloride raws li qhov xav tau. (Calcium Chloride yog cov tshuaj ionic yog li covalent ua ntej tsis siv)
  • Tsis tas li nws tseem ceeb heev kom paub tias qhov no tsis siv rau cov tshuaj lom neeg organic.
  • Cov kev cai no yog tsim los rau cov tib neeg uas pib kawm tshuaj lom neeg thiab tshawb fawb. Cov kev cai sib txawv siv thaum koj mus txog qib tshuaj lom neeg siab, piv txwv li cov cai ntawm kev muaj peev xwm sib txawv.

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